Optimal. Leaf size=17 \[ -\frac {\tanh ^{-1}(\cos (x)) \sin (x)}{\sqrt {-\sin ^2(x)}} \]
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Rubi [A]
time = 0.01, antiderivative size = 17, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 3, number of rules used = 3, integrand size = 10, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.300, Rules used = {3255, 3286,
3855} \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sin (x) \tanh ^{-1}(\cos (x))}{\sqrt {-\sin ^2(x)}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 3255
Rule 3286
Rule 3855
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-1+\cos ^2(x)}} \, dx &=\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-\sin ^2(x)}} \, dx\\ &=\frac {\sin (x) \int \csc (x) \, dx}{\sqrt {-\sin ^2(x)}}\\ &=-\frac {\tanh ^{-1}(\cos (x)) \sin (x)}{\sqrt {-\sin ^2(x)}}\\ \end {align*}
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Mathematica [A]
time = 0.01, size = 30, normalized size = 1.76 \begin {gather*} \frac {\left (-\log \left (\cos \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )+\log \left (\sin \left (\frac {x}{2}\right )\right )\right ) \sin (x)}{\sqrt {-\sin ^2(x)}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(33\) vs.
\(2(15)=30\).
time = 0.21, size = 34, normalized size = 2.00
method | result | size |
default | \(-\frac {\sin \left (x \right ) \sqrt {-\left (\cos ^{2}\left (x \right )\right )}\, \arctan \left (\frac {1}{\sqrt {-\left (\cos ^{2}\left (x \right )\right )}}\right )}{\cos \left (x \right ) \sqrt {-\left (\sin ^{2}\left (x \right )\right )}}\) | \(34\) |
risch | \(-\frac {2 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}+1\right ) \sin \left (x \right )}{\sqrt {\left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}-1\right )^{2} {\mathrm e}^{-2 i x}}}+\frac {2 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i x}-1\right ) \sin \left (x \right )}{\sqrt {\left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i x}-1\right )^{2} {\mathrm e}^{-2 i x}}}\) | \(60\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [A]
time = 0.53, size = 17, normalized size = 1.00 \begin {gather*} -\arctan \left (\sin \left (x\right ), \cos \left (x\right ) + 1\right ) + \arctan \left (\sin \left (x\right ), \cos \left (x\right ) - 1\right ) \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [F(-2)]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Exception raised: TypeError} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\cos ^{2}{\left (x \right )} - 1}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [C] Result contains complex when optimal does not.
time = 0.41, size = 27, normalized size = 1.59 \begin {gather*} \frac {i \, \log \left (-i \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )\right )}{\mathrm {sgn}\left (-\tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )^{3} - \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, x\right )\right )} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.06 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {{\cos \left (x\right )}^2-1}} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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